package-management

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作者更新于 2026年8月8日 02:11
作者仓库 dotnet-skills

解读按原文结构重写，命令、链接、术语均保留；右侧可核对作者原始 SKILL.md

原文结构

Central Package Management (CPM)：CPM centralizes all package versions in one file, eliminating version conflicts across projects.
Enable CPM：Create Directory.Packages.props in solution root:
Project Files with CPM：Projects reference packages without versions:

适用与边界

When to Use This Skill：Use this skill when: Adding, removing, or updating NuGet packages Setting up Central Package Management (CPM) for a solution
Golden Rule: Never Edit XML Directly：Always use dotnet CLI commands to manage packages. Never manually edit .csproj or Directory.Packages.props files. Why: CLI validates package exists and resolves correct version
When NOT to Use CPM：Central Package Management isn't always the right choice:

原文中的明确线索

要点：「Always use dotnet CLI commands to manage packages.」、「Why」、「without versions」、「Benefits」、「Recommendation」、「.NET SDK 6.0.300+」、「NuGet 6.2+」、「Visual Studio 2022 17.2+」
文件与命令：dotnet、.csproj、Directory.Packages.props、NuGet.config、dotnet/slopwatch、packages.lock.json、dotnet add package <name>、dotnet add package <name> --version <ver>

流狐整理：以上内容来自当前 SKILL.md 的章节与原词；未补写作者没有声明的工具、兼容性或能力。

NuGet Package Management

When to Use This Skill

Use this skill when:

Adding, removing, or updating NuGet packages
Setting up Central Package Management (CPM) for a solution
Managing package versions across multiple projects
Troubleshooting package conflicts or restore issues

Golden Rule: Never Edit XML Directly

Always use dotnet CLI commands to manage packages. Never manually edit .csproj or Directory.Packages.props files.

# DO: Use CLI commands
dotnet add package Newtonsoft.Json
dotnet remove package Newtonsoft.Json
dotnet list package --outdated

# DON'T: Edit XML directly
# <PackageReference Include="Newtonsoft.Json" Version="13.0.3" />

Why:

CLI validates package exists and resolves correct version
Handles transitive dependencies correctly
Updates lock files if present
Avoids typos and malformed XML
Works correctly with CPM

Central Package Management (CPM)

CPM centralizes all package versions in one file, eliminating version conflicts across projects.

Enable CPM

Create Directory.Packages.props in solution root:

<Project>
  <PropertyGroup>
    <ManagePackageVersionsCentrally>true</ManagePackageVersionsCentrally>
  </PropertyGroup>

  <ItemGroup>
    <PackageVersion Include="Newtonsoft.Json" Version="13.0.3" />
    <PackageVersion Include="Serilog" Version="4.0.0" />
    <PackageVersion Include="xunit" Version="2.9.2" />
  </ItemGroup>
</Project>

Project Files with CPM

Projects reference packages without versions:

<!-- src/MyApp/MyApp.csproj -->
<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
  <ItemGroup>
    <PackageReference Include="Newtonsoft.Json" />
    <PackageReference Include="Serilog" />
  </ItemGroup>
</Project>

Adding Packages with CPM

# Adds to Directory.Packages.props AND project file
dotnet add package Serilog.Sinks.Console

# Result in Directory.Packages.props:
# <PackageVersion Include="Serilog.Sinks.Console" Version="6.0.0" />

# Result in project file:
# <PackageReference Include="Serilog.Sinks.Console" />

Shared Version Variables

Group related packages with shared version variables:

<Project>
  <PropertyGroup>
    <ManagePackageVersionsCentrally>true</ManagePackageVersionsCentrally>
  </PropertyGroup>

  <!-- Shared version variables -->
  <PropertyGroup Label="SharedVersions">
    <AkkaVersion>1.5.59</AkkaVersion>
    <AkkaHostingVersion>1.5.59</AkkaHostingVersion>
    <AspireVersion>9.0.0</AspireVersion>
    <OpenTelemetryVersion>1.11.0</OpenTelemetryVersion>
    <XunitVersion>2.9.2</XunitVersion>
  </PropertyGroup>

  <!-- Akka.NET packages - all use same version -->
  <ItemGroup Label="Akka.NET">
    <PackageVersion Include="Akka" Version="$(AkkaVersion)" />
    <PackageVersion Include="Akka.Cluster" Version="$(AkkaVersion)" />
    <PackageVersion Include="Akka.Cluster.Sharding" Version="$(AkkaVersion)" />
    <PackageVersion Include="Akka.Cluster.Tools" Version="$(AkkaVersion)" />
    <PackageVersion Include="Akka.Persistence" Version="$(AkkaVersion)" />
    <PackageVersion Include="Akka.Streams" Version="$(AkkaVersion)" />
    <PackageVersion Include="Akka.Hosting" Version="$(AkkaHostingVersion)" />
    <PackageVersion Include="Akka.Cluster.Hosting" Version="$(AkkaHostingVersion)" />
  </ItemGroup>

  <!-- Aspire packages -->
  <ItemGroup Label="Aspire">
    <PackageVersion Include="Aspire.Hosting" Version="$(AspireVersion)" />
    <PackageVersion Include="Aspire.Hosting.AppHost" Version="$(AspireVersion)" />
    <PackageVersion Include="Aspire.Hosting.PostgreSQL" Version="$(AspireVersion)" />
    <PackageVersion Include="Aspire.Hosting.Testing" Version="$(AspireVersion)" />
  </ItemGroup>

  <!-- OpenTelemetry packages -->
  <ItemGroup Label="OpenTelemetry">
    <PackageVersion Include="OpenTelemetry.Exporter.OpenTelemetryProtocol" Version="$(OpenTelemetryVersion)" />
    <PackageVersion Include="OpenTelemetry.Extensions.Hosting" Version="$(OpenTelemetryVersion)" />
    <PackageVersion Include="OpenTelemetry.Instrumentation.AspNetCore" Version="$(OpenTelemetryVersion)" />
    <PackageVersion Include="OpenTelemetry.Instrumentation.Http" Version="$(OpenTelemetryVersion)" />
  </ItemGroup>

  <!-- Testing -->
  <ItemGroup Label="Testing">
    <PackageVersion Include="xunit" Version="$(XunitVersion)" />
    <PackageVersion Include="xunit.runner.visualstudio" Version="$(XunitVersion)" />
    <PackageVersion Include="FluentAssertions" Version="6.12.0" />
    <PackageVersion Include="Verify.Xunit" Version="26.0.0" />
  </ItemGroup>
</Project>

Benefits:

Update all Akka packages by changing one variable
Clear organization with labeled ItemGroups
Prevents version mismatches in related packages

When NOT to Use CPM

Central Package Management isn't always the right choice:

Legacy Projects

Migrating an existing large solution to CPM can introduce issues:

Existing version conflicts become visible all at once
Some packages may have intentional version differences
Migration requires touching many files simultaneously

Recommendation: For legacy projects, migrate incrementally or stick with per-project versioning if it's working.

Version Ranges

CPM requires exact versions - it doesn't support version ranges:

<!-- NOT supported with CPM -->
<PackageVersion Include="Newtonsoft.Json" Version="[13.0,14.0)" />

<!-- Must use exact version -->
<PackageVersion Include="Newtonsoft.Json" Version="13.0.3" />

If you need version ranges (rare, but some library scenarios require it), CPM won't work.

Older .NET Versions

CPM requires:

.NET SDK 6.0.300+ or later
NuGet 6.2+ or later
Visual Studio 2022 17.2+ or later

If you're targeting older SDK versions or have team members on older tooling, CPM may cause build failures.

Multi-Repo Solutions

If your solution spans multiple repositories that are built independently, CPM's single Directory.Packages.props won't help - each repo needs its own.

CLI Command Reference

Adding Packages

# Add latest stable version
dotnet add package Serilog

# Add specific version
dotnet add package Serilog --version 4.0.0

# Add prerelease
dotnet add package Serilog --prerelease

# Add to specific project
dotnet add src/MyApp/MyApp.csproj package Serilog

Removing Packages

# Remove from current project
dotnet remove package Serilog

# Remove from specific project
dotnet remove src/MyApp/MyApp.csproj package Serilog

Listing Packages

# List all packages in solution
dotnet list package

# Show outdated packages
dotnet list package --outdated

# Include transitive dependencies
dotnet list package --include-transitive

# Show vulnerable packages
dotnet list package --vulnerable

# Show deprecated packages
dotnet list package --deprecated

Updating Packages

# With CPM: Edit the version in Directory.Packages.props
# Then restore to apply
dotnet restore

# Without CPM: Remove and add with new version
dotnet remove package Serilog
dotnet add package Serilog --version 4.1.0

# Or use dotnet-outdated tool (recommended)
dotnet tool install --global dotnet-outdated-tool
dotnet outdated --upgrade

Restore and Clean

# Restore packages
dotnet restore

# Clear local cache (troubleshooting)
dotnet nuget locals all --clear

# Force restore (ignore cache)
dotnet restore --force

Package Sources

List Sources

dotnet nuget list source

Add Private Feed

# Add authenticated feed
dotnet nuget add source https://pkgs.dev.azure.com/myorg/_packaging/myfeed/nuget/v3/index.json \
  --name MyFeed \
  --username az \
  --password $PAT \
  --store-password-in-clear-text

NuGet.config

For solution-specific sources, create NuGet.config:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<configuration>
  <packageSources>
    <clear />
    <add key="nuget.org" value="https://api.nuget.org/v3/index.json" />
    <add key="MyPrivateFeed" value="https://pkgs.dev.azure.com/myorg/_packaging/myfeed/nuget/v3/index.json" />
  </packageSources>
  <packageSourceCredentials>
    <MyPrivateFeed>
      <add key="Username" value="az" />
      <add key="ClearTextPassword" value="%NUGET_PAT%" />
    </MyPrivateFeed>
  </packageSourceCredentials>
</configuration>

Common Patterns

Development-Only Packages

<!-- Directory.Packages.props -->
<PackageVersion Include="Microsoft.SourceLink.GitHub" Version="8.0.0" />

<!-- Project file - mark as development dependency -->
<PackageReference Include="Microsoft.SourceLink.GitHub" PrivateAssets="All" />

Conditional Packages

<!-- Only include in Debug builds -->
<ItemGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)' == 'Debug'">
  <PackageReference Include="JetBrains.Annotations" />
</ItemGroup>

<!-- Platform-specific -->
<ItemGroup Condition="'$(TargetFramework)' == 'net8.0'">
  <PackageReference Include="System.Text.Json" />
</ItemGroup>

Version Override (Escape Hatch)

When you must override CPM for one project (rare):

<!-- Project file - use sparingly! -->
<PackageReference Include="Newtonsoft.Json" VersionOverride="12.0.3" />

Warning: This is detected by Slopwatch (see dotnet/slopwatch skill) as potential slop.

Troubleshooting

Version Conflicts

# See full dependency tree
dotnet list package --include-transitive

# Find what's pulling in a specific package
dotnet list package --include-transitive | grep -i "PackageName"

Restore Failures

# Clear all caches
dotnet nuget locals all --clear

# Restore with detailed logging
dotnet restore --verbosity detailed

# Check for locked packages
cat packages.lock.json

Lock Files

For reproducible builds, use package lock files:

<!-- Directory.Build.props -->
<PropertyGroup>
  <RestorePackagesWithLockFile>true</RestorePackagesWithLockFile>
</PropertyGroup>

Then commit packages.lock.json files.

Anti-Patterns

Don't: Edit XML Directly

<!-- BAD: Manual XML editing -->
<PackageReference Include="Typo.Package" Version="1.0.0" />
<!-- Package might not exist! CLI would catch this. -->

Don't: Inline Versions with CPM

<!-- BAD: Bypasses CPM -->
<PackageReference Include="Serilog" Version="4.0.0" />

<!-- GOOD: Version comes from Directory.Packages.props -->
<PackageReference Include="Serilog" />

Don't: Mix Version Management

<!-- BAD: Some versions in CPM, some inline -->
<PackageReference Include="Serilog" />  <!-- From CPM -->
<PackageReference Include="Newtonsoft.Json" Version="13.0.3" />  <!-- Inline -->

Don't: Forget Shared Variables

<!-- BAD: Related packages with different versions -->
<PackageVersion Include="Akka" Version="1.5.59" />
<PackageVersion Include="Akka.Cluster" Version="1.5.58" />  <!-- Mismatch! -->

<!-- GOOD: Use shared variable -->
<PackageVersion Include="Akka" Version="$(AkkaVersion)" />
<PackageVersion Include="Akka.Cluster" Version="$(AkkaVersion)" />

Quick Reference

Task	Command
Add package	`dotnet add package <name>`
Add specific version	`dotnet add package <name> --version <ver>`
Remove package	`dotnet remove package <name>`
List packages	`dotnet list package`
Show outdated	`dotnet list package --outdated`
Show vulnerable	`dotnet list package --vulnerable`
Restore	`dotnet restore`
Clear cache	`dotnet nuget locals all --clear`

Resources

Central Package Management: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/nuget/consume-packages/central-package-management
dotnet CLI Reference: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/core/tools/
NuGet.config Reference: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/nuget/reference/nuget-config-file

流狐档案作者与许可取自来源；运行、权限和网络为流狐检测或估算

流狐分类: 文档
作者声明 Agent: 未找到明确声明；不据此推断已兼容或已测试
静态检查: 88 / 100 · 启发式扫描，不代表运行安全
作者 / 版本 / 许可: @Aaronontheweb · 未声明 license
流狐 Token 估算: 低消耗
流狐接入估算: 需简单配置
是否需要外部 API Key: 未发现要求
检测到的系统要求: 未声明
底层运行要求: 未声明
检测到的文件与系统行为: 只读
允许写入 / 修改
检测到的网络行为: 仅限本地
安装命令数: 无（仅作为资料）

档案由构建时根据 SKILL.md 与安装命令自动衍生，可能与作者实际意图存在差异。

需要注意： 未限定 allowed-tools，默认拥有全部工具权限。

输出预览 package-management.preview

作者没有在当前 SKILL.md 中定义固定输出样例。

SKILL.md SKILL.md

# NuGet Package Management

## When to Use This Skill

Use this skill when:
- Adding, removing, or updating NuGet packages
- Setting up Central Package Management (CPM) for a solution
- Managing package versions across multiple projects
- Troubleshooting package conflicts or restore issues

---

## Golden Rule: Never Edit XML Directly

**Always use `dotnet` CLI commands to manage packages.** Never manually edit `.csproj` or `Directory.Packages.props` files.

```bash
# DO: Use CLI commands
dotnet add package Newtonsoft.Json
dotnet remove package Newtonsoft.Json
dotnet list package --outdated

# DON'T: Edit XML directly
# <PackageReference Include="Newtonsoft.Json" Version="13.0.3" />
```

**Why:**
- CLI validates package exists and resolves correct version
- Handles transitive dependencies correctly
- Updates lock files if present
- Avoids typos and malformed XML
- Works correctly with CPM

---

## Central Package Management (CPM)

CPM centralizes all package versions in one file, eliminating version conflicts across projects.

### Enable CPM

Create `Directory.Packages.props` in solution root:

```xml
<Project>
  <PropertyGroup>
    <ManagePackageVersionsCentrally>true</ManagePackageVersionsCentrally>
  </PropertyGroup>

  <ItemGroup>
    <PackageVersion Include="Newtonsoft.Json" Version="13.0.3" />
    <PackageVersion Include="Serilog" Version="4.0.0" />
    <PackageVersion Include="xunit" Version="2.9.2" />
  </ItemGroup>
</Project>
```

### Project Files with CPM

Projects reference packages **without versions**:

```xml
<!-- src/MyApp/MyApp.csproj -->
<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
  <ItemGroup>
    <PackageReference Include="Newtonsoft.Json" />
    <PackageReference Include="Serilog" />
  </ItemGroup>
</Project>
```

### Adding Packages with CPM

```bash

…

证据边界与执行链路

作者原文负责流程事实；流狐只索引当前章节、要点、文件与命令。

章节    -> When to Use This Skill → Golden Rule: Never Edit XML Directly → Central Package Management (CPM) → Enable CPM → Project Files with CPM → Adding Packages with CPM
要点    -> Always use dotnet CLI commands to manage packages. · Why · without versions · Benefits · Recommendation · .NET SDK 6.0.300+ · NuGet 6.2+ · Visual Studio 2022 17.2+
文件/命令 -> dotnet · .csproj · Directory.Packages.props · NuGet.config · dotnet/slopwatch · packages.lock.json · dotnet add package <name> · dotnet add package <name> --version <ver>
内容 SHA-256 -> a02699282efa